World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

A REVIEW - COMPLEXATION STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS: A FOCUS ON BCS CLASS II & IV COMPOUNDS

Sakshi R. Vyawahare*, Bhairavi K. Chavhan and Dinesh R. Chaple

ABSTRACT

The improvement in solubility is a vital challenge in the pharmaceutical development of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II & IV drugs, which are characterized by low solubility, high permeability and low solubility, low permeability independently. Insufficient absorption profiles, decreased drug availability in biological system, and formulation issues caused by poor solubility, which lengthens development timelines and raises expenses. Drugs that fall under BCS Class II, faces the problem of poor solubility but the permeation is high, have a restricted rate of dissolution, which causes steady absorption as well as reduced bioavailability. Low solubility and low permeability present even more challenges for class IV drugs which can result in unpredictable absorption, intra- and inter-subject variability, and notable dietary effects, all of which might impair oral delivery. This review paper explores the different ways of complexation employed to enhance the solubility of these chemical entities, aiming on methods like cyclodextrin complexation, solid dispersions, co-crystallization and kneading method. The mechanisms of complexation techniques and their useful applications in resolving the problem of solubility are highlighted in this review. It also emphasizes the significance of solubility enhancement strategies in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of BCS Class II and IV drugs, boosting drug delivery, and upgrade patient compliance.

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