World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS: THE NEW PROSPECT TO FOCUS ON PHARMACEUTICAL MEDICATIONS

*Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Pruthviraj K. Chaudhary, Dr. Dhaval Patel and Dushyant P. Chaudhary

ABSTRACT

D and f block elements, known for their unique chemical properties; play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical medication preparation. These elements, which include transition metals from the d block and inner transition metals from the f block, are integral to drug design, particularly due to their ability to form stable complexes with organic molecules. Transition metals, such as iron, zinc, and copper, are essential in enzyme catalysis, cellular functions, and as cofactors in biological processes, making them crucial for drug development. Notably, platinum-based chemotherapy agents, such as cisplatin, have revolutionized cancer treatment by targeting DNA within cancer cells. Additionally, metals like silver and copper are utilized in the development of antimicrobial agents, contributing to the fight against resistant pathogens. F block elements, including lanthanides and actinides, also find use in medicine, particularly in diagnostic imaging and radiopharmaceuticals. For instance, gadolinium is widely employed in MRI contrast agents due to its magnetic properties. The use of radioactive isotopes of actinides, such as radium, in cancer therapies further highlights the importance of these metals in modern medicine. However, the use of d and f block elements in pharmaceuticals presents challenges, including toxicity concerns and issues related to bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. As such, ongoing research focuses on optimizing the therapeutic potential of these metals while minimizing side effects. The future of metal-based drugs lies in personalized medicine, targeted drug delivery systems, and innovations in nanotechnology, promising more efficient and safe treatments. This review explores the diverse applications of d and f block elements in pharmaceutical preparations and the future directions in this field.

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