World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA

Kumar Raja Jayavarapu*, D. Praveen Kumar, Ishrath Sulthana, J. Madhavi, S. Uma Murali and S. Vineetha

ABSTRACT

A prevalent acute respiratory infection that affects the distal airways and alveoli, pneumonia is a serious health
issue that is linked to high rates of morbidity and both short and long-term mortality in all age groups globally.
Community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia are the two main categories of pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be caused by a wide range of microorganisms, including fungi, respiratory viruses, and bacteria,
and their prevalence varies greatly across different geographic regions. Pneumonia is more common in susceptible
people, such as older adults with a history of chronic conditions and children under the age of five. Pathogen
features play a less significant effect in the development of the disease than the host immune response. Pneumonia
is diagnosed based on both clinical presentation and radiological findings. Patients with pneumonia frequently
present with respiratory and systemic symptoms. Finding the bacteria causing the problem is essential since
ineffective or delayed antimicrobial therapy can have negative effects. Pneumonia will be better managed with new
antibiotic and non-antibiotic medicines, as well as quick and precise diagnostic tests that can identify infections
and drug resistance.

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