World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EFFICACY OF PIPTADENIASTRUM AFRICANUM STEM BARK POWDERS AND OIL EXTRACT AS A LONG-TERM STORAGE PROTECTANTS AGAINST COWPEA BRUCHID, CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FAB.) (COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE) INFESTING COWPEA SEEDS DURING STORAGE

Otitoju Lawrence Kunle*, Akinneye Joseph Onaolapo, Ileke Kayode David and Alamuoye Nathaniel Olu

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effectiveness of various Piptadeniastrum africanum powder and oil extract concentrations against Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea seeds that had been kept. The treated cowpea seeds were placed in the container together with an adult C. maculatus. Cowpea bruchids were subjected to contact and fumigant toxicity tests at 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.5g, 1.0g, and 2.0g/20g of cowpea seeds. Mortality was measured at exposure times of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatment. The findings demonstrated that within 96 hours of treatment, the insects subjected to Piptadeniastrum africanum stem resulted in 100% adult mortality of the cowpea beetles at a dosage of 2.0 g. After being exposed for 72 hours, the adulticidal effects of 2.0 g of Piptadeniastrum africanum differ considerably (p<0.05). The same trends of results were observed with oil extracts of the plant; where Piptadeniastrum africanum stem oil extract evoked 100%. . The fumigant toxicity effects of the plants significantly reduced the number of adult emergence especially at the highest experimental dosage. The experiments on the seeds viability shows that the stem bark powders of the P. africanum effectively reduced percentage adult emergence of C. maculatus. In cowpea seeds treated with plant component powders at all concentration levels, the percentage of adult emergence was considerably (P > 0.05) higher than in untreated seeds. This study showed that the powder and oil extracts of P. africanum stem would provide alternative to synthetic insecticides in the management of C. maculatus infesting cowpea seeds in Nigeria.

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