World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

PLASMID-MEDIATED ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE IN UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (ENTEROBACTERIALES: ENTEROBACTERIACEAE): A MINI REVIEW

Debadin Bose and Sudip Some*

ABSTRACT

A common bacterial infection in the community is urinary tract infection (UTI). Women are more susceptible to UTIs. Escherichia coli are common uropathogenic bacteria (UPEC) in both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. In recent years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the paramount threats to civic health that happens nowadays, and it has been made worse by misuse and abuse of antimicrobial drugs in both humans and cattle, as well as by inadequate control of infection. This pathogen is gradually becoming resistant to single to multiple antibiotics due to the transfer of resistant (R) plasmid from one bacterium to another. In many countries, the standard treatment for UTIs depends on the practice of antimicrobial drugs including β-lactams, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and quinolones. The study showed that UPEC is completely susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin, carbapenem, and doxycycline whereas tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefepime, florfenicol, and sulfonamide are most susceptible antibiotics against this opportunistic pathogen. Quinolone and azithromycin resistance; and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme synthesis are predominant plasmid-assisted AMR in UPEC. Therefore, co-resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones hinders the treatment of UPEC-mediated infection. Cranberry extract and metallic nanosilver showed magnificent beneficial effects against UPEC. Therefore, it is of utmost necessity to search for new antimicrobial compounds from various natural sources including plants, or through using metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The pathogenicity or virulence property of isolates can be reduced through the blocking of quorum sensing mechanisms or inhibiting biofilm formation.

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