World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANTIDIABETIC TREATMENT: A REVIEW

Cornelius Nwozor*, Peter Ughachukwu, Henry Enwelum, Kosisochukwu Ifemenam, Chiemelia Anisiobi, Evarista Chiamaka Chima-iwuoha

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. In 2010 about 285 million people worldwide had DM. By 2030 438 million adults will have DM. In Nigeria, about 4 million people are living with DM. There are two types of DM: type 1 and 2. Type 2 DM is the commonest DM in an adult population. Treatment is based on the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs when diet fails. Pharmacoeconomics refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another. This branch of healthcare economics offers important guidance for the management of limited healthcare resources and medical practice. Cost of drug is the total resources consumed in producing the drug or drug formulation. Cost can be divided into: direct, indirect, and intangible cost. Types of pharmacoeconomic evaluation include: cost effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost minimization analysis (CMA), cost benefit analysis (CBA), cost utility analysis (CUA). Pharmacoeconomic evaluation showed that biguanide had the lowest cost per unit. However, sulfonylureas provided superior incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

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