World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SCLEROCARYA BIRREA ROOTS

Antoine Vayaraï Manaoda*, Judith Caroline Ngo Nyobe, Bigued, Jacques Yinyang, Charles Christian Ngoule, Gisèle Etame Loe and Jean Claude Ndom

ABSTRACT

To this day, medicinal plants play a vital role in the art of healing throughout the world. The use of extracts from the bark and leaves of these plants is used to relieve various mild pathologies. However, long-term use of extracts and excessive doses can affect the normal functioning of organs through the presence of phytotoxins. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea extracts, in order to assess whether it confirms its reputation. The leaves and bark of the trunk and roots of Sclerocarya birrea were harvested respectively in December 2022 in Djingliya-Koza (latitude 10.847 longitude 13.85 and lat) in the department of Mayo Tsanaga region of the Far North. Rats of the Wistar strain of the Rattus norvegicus species will be used for toxicity in this work. The phytochemical screening carried out on the parts of the plant revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Acute toxicity was achieved by oral administration at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg. The subchronic toxicity evaluation was carried out orally with the ethanoic extract of the root bark at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The acute toxicity results were dosed at 5000 mg per kg and showed no mortality or behavioral changes during the 14 days of observation. The lethal dose (LD50) would be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight acute toxicity batches showed an increase in body weight throughout the treatment period, but not significantly (p<0.05) different from that of the control group. A significant reduction in subchronic toxicity in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg batches (p<0.05) in body weight was observed every week respectively, which proves toxicity at the hepatic and renal level with long-term use.

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