World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCEPTS OF ALARA (AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE) AND PAMARA (PROTECTION AS MUCH AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE) TO REDUCE THE HEALTH RISK OF EMF RADIATION

Kedar N. Prasad, PhD*

ABSTRACT

The advent of wireless communication technologies has led to increased exposure to EMF radiation that has
enhanced risk of adverse health effects in humans. Introduction of 5G (5th Generation wireless Technology), which
transmits signal at much higher frequency range (30-300 GHz) than previous Generations, has raised further
concerns about its impact on human health. Most epidemiologic studies showed that EMF radiation emitted from
previous Generation’s frequencies increased the risk of cancer in humans. Since extensive animal and mechanistic
studies confirm the conclusion of epidemiologic studies, the increased risk of cancer in human can be considered
valid. However, a few epidemiologic investigations have reported no increase in cancer risk following exposure to
EMF radiation. The inconsistent epidemiologic studies on cancer risk could be due to the fact that the level of
frequency, dose strength (voltage per meter or V/m), intensity (milli Tesla or mT), and SAR (specific absorption
rate, Watts/Kg or W/Kg of tissue) were not comparable. Supplementation with individual antioxidants reduced
oxidative stress and protected against EMF radiation-induced damage. The major objectives of this review are to
briefly describe (a) biological responses of 5G frequency range or less, (b) EMF radiation-induced increased risk of
cancer, neurological, and non-neurological damages, (c) the role of increased oxidative stress and inflammation in
such damage. The review proposes to implement the concept ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) and
PAMARA (protection as much as reasonably achievable) to reduce the health risk of EMF radiation exposure. A
micronutrient mixture is suggested to implement the concept of PAMARA in the population.

[Full Text Article]   [Download Certificate]