World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

EFFECT OF DIABETES MELITUS ON NEPHROPATHY: A REVIEW

Prathamesh Jagdale, Gurpreet Bawa*, Asish Jain, Bittu Gupta, Riddhi Ivalekar, Mansi Jadhav and Vipul Jadhav

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases spread worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It is of three types: type 1, type 2 and type 3 also known as gestational diabetes and it can affect people of any age group. Untreated and undiagnosed diabetes over prolonged period is associated with several complications. One of which is diabetic nephropathy. The nephron is a basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. The kidneys are responsible for various functions in our body. The goal of the study was to analyze diabetic nephropathy, its development, and the present treatment. Hyperglycemia and hypertension play a leading role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. It is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Glomerular lesions are the main characteristic of diabetic nephropathy. Nonproteinuric diabetes nephropathy does not follow a classical pattern, so its diagnosis and treatment are difficult. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still not fully understood. Its main treatments include the management of hyperglycemia and blood pressure. Medications of the oral hypoglycaemic class are beneficial in treatment. Antihypertensive agents decrease blood pressure in the kidneys. Because DN is more common in the elderly, caution should be exercised when selecting a drug. The new potential therapeutic strategy includes the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and endothelial receptor antagonists. This therapy's main target is a reduction in inflammation in the kidney. Management of diabetic nephropathy is an important topic that is beyond the scope of this review.

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