World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE: A REVIEW

Akarshi Gupta, Richa and Manpreet Kaur Attri*

ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles have been extensively studied by researchers because of their unique properties e.g., size and shape depending optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties. Nanoparticles are certain particulates which have dimension between 1-100 nm. These can be of Gold, Silver, certain compounds such as Silicon monoxide (SiO), Titanium Oxide (TiO), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) etc. Plants, environmental phenomenon, and microorganisms are natural and nontoxic sources of nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically for commercial and basic research use. Green synthesis involves extracellular or intracellular synthesis of nanoparticles from either microorganisms or plants. Chemical methods have been employed these years however, green synthesis is preferred because of its sustainable nature. They are characterized using various techniques such as UV–visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering etc. Nanoparticles have immense applications in disinfectants, agricultural goods, medicine including disease diagnostics, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, genetic engineering, food packaging materials, electronics, energy etc. and thus nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. These nanoparticles can play many important roles in plant growth, increasing the yield of crops and the quality and quantity of the grains. They can be applied at initial stages of plant growth and for different doses. There are different techniques which have been used to characterise the surface, charge, size and various other physical properties of nanoparticles. Some studies have thrown light on multiple ways of nanoparticle synthesis including physical, chemical, and biological methods while some provided knowledge on their applications. This comprehensive review summarises all the recent studies pertaining to various research aspects of nanoparticles.

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