World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOPATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STOMACH OF ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS ADMINISTERED TRAMADOL

Okwakpam F.N.*, Omeodu S.I., Dokubo A. and Uahomo P.O.

ABSTRACT

The use of self-administered analgesics has become popular in recent times; this has resulted into a major global concern. This study was undertaken to investigate the oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the stomach of adult male albino rats administered with tramadol. Twenty albino male rats were randomly grouped into four (4) with n=5. Group 1 served as the control. The others group 2-4 were administered with tramadol orally for twenty-one days at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight/day, 40mg/kg body weight/day and 80mg/kg body weight/day respectively. After the last dose, animals were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Stomach tissues were excised and taken to the laboratory for biochemical analysis using standard procedures. Results showed that, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction in the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control respectively. There was significant (p>0.05) increase in the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in tramadol treated groups 2-4 when compared with control. The reduction of these enzymes was observed to be dose dependent. The concentration of interleukin (IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in groups 2-4 when compared to control. Histopathological changes in stomach tissues were only seen in groups administered tramadol. The results obtained suggested that tramadol increases lipid peroxidation and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mucosal tissues of the rats as well as inflammation and oxidative stress.

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