World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GLYCOPYRROLATE, XYLAZINE, ACEPROMAZINE, DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS ON PROPOFOL- ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS

Talekar SH*, Chaudhary MP, Tank PH Sharma Anil and Kalaria VA

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of pre-anaesthetic combinations such as glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol, glycopyrrolate-dexmedetomidine-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-acepromazine-butorphanol on propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance general anaesthesia in 18 dogs of either sex presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh for varieties of surgeries. A combination of glycopyrrolate, xylazine and butorphanolwas given intramuscularly @ 0.01, 0.5 and 0.2 mg/kg b.wt glycopyrrolate, dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol @ 0.01, 0.005 and 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. and glycopyrrolate, acepromazine and butorphanol @ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. in three different groups as a pre-medication 15 minutes prior to induction with propofol administered intravenously “to effect’’ and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Acepromazine group had good quality of sedation, abolished palpebral and pedal reflexes, response to intubation as compared to xylazine and dexmedetomidine groups. The mean dose propofol used for induction was non-significantly low in the acepromazine group followed by dexmedetomidine and xylazine groups. The mean vaporizer setting for maintenance, total quantity of isoflurane consumed was non-significantly low in dexmedetomidine group followed by acepromazine and xylazine groups. Among all the groups, xylazine and acepromazine had significantly lower in hemoglobin and PCV and non-significantly higher lymphocytes at recovery when compared to the base values. All the three groups had non-significantly low in TLC and high in neutrophils values at recovery time when compared to the base values. The heart rate showed non-significant reduction in xylazine group, non-significant higher in acepromazine group following pre-medication. During the maintenance period, heart rates remained within clinically normal range which could be due to less isoflurane required. The respiratory rate showed non-significant reduction following pre-medication and increased non-significantly during induction and maintenance in all the three groups. The rectal temperature showed non-significant decrease throughout the period when compared to the base values attributed to the hypothermic effects of general anaesthesia. The MAP remained non-significantly higher during the maintenance period in all the three groups compared to the base values and decreased non-significantly at recovery which could be due to hypertensive effects of general anaesthesia. The SpO2 values showed non-significant increase following pre-medication and non-significant reduction towards the base values following recovery in all the three groups. The ECG did not any abnormality except for slight increase in QRS duration and T wave amplitude in xylazine group. The serum biochemical parameters like serum creatinine, BUN, AST and ALT remained within normal range, whereas serum glucose increased significantly in dexmedetomidine and acepromazine groups and non-significantly in xylazine group. The acepromazine group showed better sparring effect in dogs induced with propofol, whereas dexmedetomidine showed better sparing effect in dogs maintained with isoflurane. The recovery time was non-significantly lowered in dexmedetomidine group followed by acepromazine and xylazine groups which could be due to dexmedetomidine produced smooth and fast recovery compared to xylazine but complete recovery was faster in acepromazine group compared to the other two groups. The complete recovery time was non-significantly lowered in acepromazine group followed by dexmedetomidine and xylazine groups. The recovery was smooth, fast and uneventful without any complication during observation periods in all the groups. Among all the three groups, significant difference at various observation periods in any parameters was not observed. Hence, it is concluded that the glycopyrrolate-dexmedetomidine-butorphanol with propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance was better followed by glycopyrrolate-acepromazine-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol anaesthetic protocol for different orthopedic and soft tissue surgeries in dogs.

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