World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

A REVIEW ON TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS DIAGNOSIS

Prof. Sharma Shubham* and Diwan Deeksha

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB), often thought of a disease from the past, is still rampant in major portions of the world. With 1.5 million deaths annually, it is the most important cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide with India being the highest TB burden country in the world. Tuberculosis (TB) is a ubiquitous medical problem causing high mortality and morbidity rates which also affects people mentally and socially, especially in countries undergoing development. The contagious, pestilent disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) that has always been a challenging pathogen over the centuries, because of its severe pathophysiological implications. It has been hypothesized that the genus Mycobacterium originated more than 150 million years ago and still is considered an implacable enemy. TB has always been associated with a high mortality rate over the centuries, and also nowadays, it is estimated to be responsible for 1.4 million TB deaths. Due to its contagious nature, complex immunological response, chronic progression and the need for long-term treatment, TB has always been a major health burden. In more recent years, the appearance of multi-drug resistant forms have resulted from the bacterial persistent mutations along with the current TB-HIV epidemic and related medical consequences. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis have been proven to be an arduous task over the period of time.

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