World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

INSULIN THERAPY AND IT’S NEW APPROACHES

Tejaswini S. Kawanpure and Dr. Mitali M. Bodhankar*

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition which is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical Management of diabetes mellitus for more than 84 years. Insulin has remained indispensable in dispensable in management of diabetes mellitus since its discovery in 1921. Comparatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. The present mode of insulin administration is by the subcutaneous route through which insulin introduced into the body in a non-physiological manner having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. Challenges that have adverse effect on oral route of insulin administration mainly includes rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, inactivation and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen and poor permeability across intestinal epithelium because of its high molecular weight and its lipophilicity. Approaches such as liposomes, micro emulsions, nano cubicle, insulin chewing gum and so forth have been prepared to ensure the oral delivery of insulin. Attempts have been made to achieve oral insulin delivery using various systems. Scientists have been able to protect the insulin delivery systems from acidic environment of the stomach and target it to the intestine. Limitations to the delivery of insulin have not resulted in fruitful results to date.

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