World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANEMIA DURING THIRD TRIMESTER WITH ADVERSE FETOMATERNAL HEALTH OUTCOMES

Eesha Waheed*, Shahnai Basharat, Syed Amir Gilani, Tahira Ashraf, Faiz-ul-Hassan Shah

ABSTRACT

Back ground: Anemia is a major contributor to maternal death in developing countries. Iron deficiency is a disorder in which red cells and hemoglobin levels reduce in the body, resulting in health complications. Objective: To determine the association of fetomaternal outcomes with maternal anemia during last trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: A Case Control Study. Materials and Methods: 130 pregnant women admitted for delivery in their 3rd trimester with anemia were studied and compared with 130 non-anemic women. Both of the groups were well matched. The research was done in Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot. Chi-square test and Odds ratio were applied to determine adverse fetomaternal outcomes that include: low birth weight, low APGAR scores, mode of delivery (SUD, C-section, instrumental), perinatal mortality and fetal birth defects. Results: The mean age of pregnant women who were enrolled in the study was ±27.7 years old. All the women were going through their first pregnancy and were in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Total 260 pregnant women were studied and were divided into two groups: 130 mothers were anemic and the other 130 mothers were non-anemic. The occurrence of lower birth weight in infants having non-anemic mothers were 27.9% and with anemic mothers were 72.1%, APGAR scores in infants with non-anemic mothers were 28.6% and anemic mothers were 71.4%, mode of delivery in non-anemic mothers was SVD (57%); C-section(21.2%); instrumental (100%), and anemic mothers was SVD(43%); C-section(78.8%); instrumental(0%), perinatal mortality in infants with non-anemic mothers was 33.3% and anemic mothers was 66.7%, fetal birth defects in infants with non-anemic mothers were 0 out of 130 and anemic mothers were 1 out of 130, preterm birth in infants with non-anemic mothers were 36.7% and in anemic mothers were 63.3% respectively. Conclusion: The current study suggested a link between maternal anemia with increased adverse health risks of fetomaternal outcomes. The mother anemia was associated with greater risk of negative fetomaternal consequences at childbirth. such as low birth weight, low APGAR scores, mode of delivery (SUD, C-section, instrumental), perinatal mortality and fetal birth defects. Severe anemia in pregnancy causes significant risk to mother and fetus if it is present in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

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