World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

THYROID HORMONE PROFILING AND ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF TYPE-II-DIABETES MELLITUS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

E.C. Ogbodo*, C.C. Okafor, H.G.O. Ogah, I.P. Ezeugwunne, Igwebuobi CF; Okezie AO, Agada U.N, A. K. Amah, I.O. Odumodu

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from diminished or absent secretion of insulin or due to reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin and has a global health burden especially in developing countries like Nigeria. The present review focuses on the role of thyroid hormone profiling and enzymatic antioxidant status in diagnosis and management of type-II-diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid disorders are the two most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice and this is as a result of interaction between thyroid hormones and insulin. The clinical relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid function is becoming more widely recognized with hypothyroidism among diabetes mellitus patient. Type 2 diabe¬tes is accompanied with increased formation of free radicals otherwise called reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative damage of cell components. ROS production in diabetes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by accelerating important molecular mechanisms involved in hyperglycaemia induced oxidative damage. Thus, increased ROS and impaired antioxidant defense contribute to the initiation and progression of micro- and macrovascular complications experienced in diabetics. Hyperinsulinamia initiates a negative feedback mechanism leading to hypothyroidism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Also, a decrease in enzymatic antioxidants increases the risk of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Therefore, thyroid hormone function profiling and antioxidant assays may be incorporated as part of routine tests for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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