World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences

POLYMORPHISMS OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPARS) IN OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)

Resal Raj*, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Pramod W. Ramteke

ABSTRACT

Background: Analysis of clinical, anthropometric and genetic of T2DM is required for better therapeutic application. Analysis of PPARs and their disease susceptible and protective aspect is most important for reducing the complications of T2DM. T2DM and obesity are polygenic environmental disorders and both are highly associated with anthropometric, clinical and genetic factors in many ethnic groups. Since diet is risk factor for the disorders, identifying the genes that are regulated by the diet may give a better insight to the diagnostics and therapeutics of both, Obesity and T2DM. Genes control vital metabolic pathways and identifying gene polymorphisms may be an effective treatment but the genes associated with one population however fail to be associated with other populations. This is because of the difference in the expression frequency of disease susceptible alleles in different populations due to changes in the environmental factors. This type of different expression profile and genetic variation exit in all genes, PPAR ?/?/?, since PPARs are linked with diet and environmental factors. Although all the polymorphisms of PPARs are associated with obesity and T2DM, this article has a broad review on Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR ? which is associated with hypertension, physical activity, increased insulin clearance, lipid profile, adiposity in adults and children etc. Moreover, Ala allele carriers have protective effect against metabolic syndromes and T2DM because Ala allele is associated with high intake of oleic acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), high hepatic glucose uptake (GU), low body mass index (BMI), etc. In conclusion, PPARs (alpha, gamma and delta) are strongly associated in the susceptibility to obesity and T2DM with a minor protective effect of Ala allele on T2DM subjects. PPAR gamma also shows beneficial effect due to gene-diet interaction.

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